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• eJournal-Artikel aus "Zeitschrift Interne Revision" Ausgabe 3/2021

  Prüfen in disruptiven Zeiten

  Interne Revision neu denken
  

  Ralf Herold

  …, aggressive hybride Machtpolitik, Digitalisierung, KI, IT- und Cyberbedrohung, Schutz kritischer Technologie und Infrastruktur, technologische Monopolstrukturen…
• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Accounting Fraud

  Introduction

  Professor Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …17 Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Fraud: A Constant Threat to Companies around the World Fraud is nothing new. History has shown that it has… …criminals (“crime in the streets”). With regard to the business world, it is common knowledge today that there has always been white-collar crime. In… …help a business sur- vive in today’s economic climate, 47% of the respondents thought it was acceptable. Making cash payments to win business was… …practices, and it will also illustrate the results of their deceptions. First of all, however, it may be helpful to define accounting fraud. According to… …business performance and cre- ates a false impression of the company’s financial health. Clearly, accounting fraud is illegal; it subjects the company and… …valuable insights to all of these anti-fraud practitioners, and assist them in rooting out accounting fraud and preventing it in the first place. In… …in a range of approaches: it is the best method to com- plement the traditional lecture sessions. Introduction 23 This book consists of 44… …Harvard professor, once said: “Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it.” Referring to Santayana, this book looks back to the past in… …order to gain a better understanding of the nature of ac- counting fraud and how to prevent it in the future. There is no better way to under- stand and…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Schutz vor Social Engineering

  Digitalwirtschaftliche Ökosysteme – das neue Organisationsparadigma

  Dirk Drechsler

  …are managed (…) Technology is a facilitator for digital transformation; it is not digital transformation per se. It is, however, an immutable fact that… …leadership roles may change over time, but the function of ecosystem leader is valued by the community because it enables members to move toward shared visions… …flexiblen Maschinen), die Informationstechnologie, der Computer als Problemträger, die Mensch-Compu- ter-Systeme und die rationale Problemlösung (vgl. Ansoff…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Prüfung des Asset Liability Managements

  Prüfungsschwerpunkte zur Aufbauorganisation

  DIIR – Deutsches Institut für Interne Revision e. V.

  …Personal und die technische Ausstattung abgestellt. Hier muss für den ALM-Regelbetrieb (i.W. Personal und IT) eine Ressourcenausstattung vorhanden sein, die… …angemessenen technischen Ausstattung (i.W. IT in Form von Hard- und Software, Kapazitä- ten und Performance). Im Zusammenhang mit dem Fragekomplex „angemessenes… …. W. Mitarbeiter, IT, Perfor- mance, Know-how) wurde zu welchem Zweck erstellt? � Berücksichtigt die Ressourcenplanung angemessen die einzelnen Aspekte…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Accounting Fraud

  Case 16: Tyco International (2002)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …and speciality products, packaging materials, as well as undersea telecommunications networks and financial services. It operated in 100 countries… …, while being nominally based in a tax haven, Tyco continued to operate out of Exeter, New Hampshire, and Boca Raton, Florida. (At this point, it is also… …shareholder suits.) – Tyco accumulated a massive amount of so-called “goodwill” on its balance sheet. It paid high prices for acquired companies, and rather… …than writing this cost off as an expense (which would have to be reported to shareholders as a reduction in earnings), it created goodwill. Since the… …middle of 2000, Tyco accumulated over USD 20 billion of goodwill on companies that it acquired for USD 24 billion. In other words, the actual hard assets… …acquisitions would create in the course of the further development of the companies. – Tyco did not report acquisitions that it stated were small enough to be… …con- sidered “immaterial” under US-GAAP. From 1991 through 2001, Tyco spent USD 8 billion on more than 700 acquisitions that it said were not material… …acquisitions, but it had ultimately decided not to take action. In Kozlowski’s view, the SEC probe qualified as an endorsement, and he emerged from the… …York City’s Upper East Side. (Later on, Kozlowski became the object of ridicule after it was revealed that the furnishings at his opulent Fifth Avenue…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Accounting Fraud

  Case 30: Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products (Belgium, 2000)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …of sophistication of the fraud and the amount of imagination that went into it”. Speaking at a news conference in Brussels, he said the fraud… …wowed investors with techno-mirages of humans chatting with computers, it made money with low-tech offerings. Its speech programs in their infancy were… …Europe), although it had never been profitable and had just a few million dollars in annual revenue. As with many high-tech firms, the hope lay in a… …L&H’s hey- day, it hired a former Belgian prime minister as its chairman, and Bill Gates visited, lauding the innovative and ground-breaking speech… …commissioned a special midyear audit by L&H’s regular auditor, KPMG. On November 9, 2000, L&H announced that it would revise financial statements for 2… …with another venture it helped start, Brussels Translation Group N.V. (“BTG”), this time to develop software for auto- matic translation from one… …late 1998, L&H launched a new and elaborate scheme to create additional cus- tomers and, thus, to bolster its reported revenue. It helped create 30… …and intelligence services, developers of strategically impor- tant technologies, and investors. It was supposed to be a win-win-situation. The… …technologies and a helping hand in getting orders from other government agencies. The BND, in turn, got first class technology which it couldn’t develop…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Revision der Beschaffung spezieller Dienstleistungen

  Prüfungsleitfaden: IT-Outsourcing unter Berücksichtigung von Beschaffungsgesichtspunkten

  Kai Kircher, Klaus Lange

  …oder von IT- Prozessen, wie die EDV-Auslagerungsver- träge von General Motors und Eastman Kodak. Etwa seit dem Jahr 2000 wird die Möglichkeit des… …Datensicherung) � Ausgründung in eine konzerneigene Gesellschaft (z.B. eine eigene IT Dienstleistungsgesellschaft) � Unternehmensexternes Outsourcing: � Vergabe… …Mangelndes Fachwissen/Know-how im eigenen Unternehmen. � Die IT wird nicht als Kernkompetenz im eigenen Unternehmen betrach- tet. Ebenso beachtet werden muss… …ausreichenden Performance. Aus Sicht der Unternehmen ist deshalb die Kritikalität zu bewerten, da bei einem Ausfall der ausgelagerten IT zum Beispiel erhebliche… …und Ziel des Leitfadens ist es, Prüfungsansätze bezüglich des IT- Outsourcings unter Beschaffungsgesichtspunkten aufzuzeigen. Dieser Leit- faden bezieht… …Reaktionszeiten oder eine Definition der Erreichbarkeit. Weitere konkrete Vorgaben zur Bewertung der Servicequalität können aus der ISO/IEC Norm 15504 oder der IT… …Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik (BSI): Das Bundesamt beschreibt Rahmenbedingungen für eine ausreichende IT- Sicherheit bzw. erstellt einen… …infrastrukturelle Maßnahmen be- schrieben, die für die IT-Sicherheit erforderlich sind. Das BSI zertifiziert IT- Systeme. Die Zertifizierung kann bei einer…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Accounting Fraud

  Case 33: Vivendi Universal (France, 2002)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …conglomerates, including the Universal film studios and the Uni- versal music group in the United States. It had securities traded on the Paris Stock Exchange as… …his ouster by Vivendi’s board, Messier had issued several press releases that falsely stated that Vivendi did not face an immediate cash shortage. It… …, announced that Vivendi would have run out of money within days because banks had refused to extend it more credit while Messier remained in charge. In… …Companies 195 it had used them as collateral for a loan. However, it had tried to book the loan as revenue until the French stock market regulator… …difficult to decipher; for example, many experts noted that it was hard to distinguish what debt belonged to the environment business and what belonged to… …November 2002, the beleaguered company disclosed that it was also facing a criminal investi- gation by the U.S. attorney’s office in New York, along with a… …big awards in such cases.” Accounting Fraud in European Companies 196 In December 2003, the SEC announced that it filed and simultaneously… …adjustments were made so that the company could meet the ambitious earnings targets that it had communicated to the market. – Vivendi failed to disclose… …arrested in Paris, facing accusations of share-price manipulation, in- sider trading, and embezzlement. First, it was alleged that Messier and his top team… …before the company’s financial situation began to unravel. Finally, it was alleged that generous payments made by Messier to large shareholders and…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Accounting Fraud

  Case 44: Satyam Computer Services (India, 2009)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …confidence in India Inc., and it is very difficult to restore their confidence.” In 2009, Satyam Computer Services was the fourth-largest Indian… …expanded it from a handful of employees into a back-office giant with a workforce of 53,000 and operations in 66 countries. Satyam delivered… …outsourcing solutions to nearly 700 clients, including 185 “Fortune 500” companies. Thus, it served as the back-office for some of the largest banks… …responsible for clients’ finances and accounting.) “For years, Ramalinga Raju was lionized as one of the whiz-kids of the Indian IT sector,” said one… …started as a mar- ginal gap between actual operating profit and the one reflected in the books of accounts continued to grow over the years. It has… …attained unmanageable propor- tions as the size of company operations grew,” Raju wrote. “It was like riding a tiger, not knowing how to get off without… …lents were, in fact, made out of thin air. Revenue for the quarter was 20% lower than reported, and the company’s profit margin was a fraction of what it… …staff. – Merrill Lynch, the U.S. investment bank, was engaged by Satyam to explore merger opportunities for the IT outsourcing giant. But within just… …fluctuations in the amount of “unbilled revenue” the company reported. (Unbilled revenue is work done for a customer but not yet invoiced: it represents future… …earnings. Accounting Fraud in Asian Companies 252 However, there is usually little documentation associated with the number, so it is easy to…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Accounting Fraud

  Case 5: Phar-Mor (1992)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …dis- count” drugstore in Cleveland and decided they had seen the future. They acquired a single drugstore in Youngstown, Ohio, and dreamt of building it… …un- covered the fraud. Phar-Mor’s board of directors insisted that it was plenty active, but fully deceived until it got a tip in late July 1992. Monus… …, but it was disbursed on a Phar-Mor bank account. The travel agent thought it odd that Phar-Mor would be paying these expenses. Since she was an… …“Cookies”. The fraud team used these entries to inflate inventory and earnings. As it would not have been practical to carefully scan all the packets, the… …the operating GLs, the fraud would have been all over. Because the physical inventories were completed during the fiscal year, it was ne- cessary… …did account for a portion of the spike, investigations indicated that a large part of it was due to fraud. The spike was clearly a big red flag that… …Coopers & Lybrand recklessly overlooked. It should have caused an experienced retail auditor to have suspicions about inventory at Phar-Mor. But Coopers &… …(for example, at Christmastime it would be the same concept), and that they relied on their tests of the gross profit schedules. If any large or… …fraud was uncovered, it was determined that Phar-Mor’s actual gross mar- gins were really much lower than the budgeted 15.5%. Accounting Fraud in… …master chef”, the company’s board said. As a private company, Phar-Mor was not exactly structured for scrutiny. It didn’t have to file with the SEC…

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