Suchergebnisse

• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Risk Management Practices of SMEs

  Introduction

  Thomas Henschel

  …1 1 Introduction The present PhD thesis presents an empirical approach to risk management practices in selected industries of German small to… …the German Control and Transparency Act (KonTraG, 1998) which 1.1 Background: Risk Management in Germany 3 came into effect on the 1 May 1998. The… …into force on 1 January 2007; Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, 2003). In connec- tion with the evaluation and rating process borrowers are subject… …fixed (see Füser and Heidusch, 2002, p. 61). ___________________ 1 For example, the Higher Regional Court in Düsseldorf required the director of a pri-… …vate limited company to pay damages because – in breach of the legal obligation aris- ing from § 43 para. 1 Private Limited Company Law (GmbHG; “due care… …must fulfil the following conditions: 1. The number of employees lies below the respective threshold in Table 1.1. Furthermore, at least one of the… …one or more companies which themselves do not match the threshold conditions of No. 1. The above definition has been valid since 2005 and is updated in… …1.2). Table 1.2 Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. Definition Prepared by the IfM Bonn (since 1 January 2002) Subclass Number ofemployees Annual… …turnover (million Euros) Small firm up to 9 less than 1 Medium firm 10 to 499 1 to 50 Source: Günterberg and Kayser (2004) The EU and the German… …for their risk management. 1.5 Outline of the Thesis The subsequent sections briefly outline the chapters of this study. Chapter 1: Introduction The…

  Alle Treffer im Inhalt anzeigen
• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Risk Management Practices of SMEs

  Literature Review

  Thomas Henschel

  …Research focus Key findings Management Techniques and Decision Tendencies 1. Frese et al. (2000) 2. van Gelderen et al. (2000) Action strategies and… …loans to small and medium size enterprises with a total loan volume of less than 1 million Euros. Concerning credits to companies with an annual turnover… …of up to 50 million Euros and a total credit volume of more than 1 million Euros, in the internal rating approach the weighting of the probability of… …default is made dependent on the company size. These provisions are to come into ef- fect as of 1 January 2007 (Anonymous, 2006, p. 63; Basel Committee on… …Business Planning: Literature Summary Author / Research focus Key findings Business Planning Systems 1. Perry (2001) Written business plans and failure in… …Author / Research focus Key findings Balanced Scorecard 1. Kaplan/Norton (1996a) Balanced Scorecard. 10 case studies with enterprises of various size to… …(UK). It is shown that Kaplan and Norton’s four per- spective approach (see 1.) is applicable in prac- tice. 4. Berens et al. (2005) 5. Flacke/Siemes…

  Alle Treffer im Inhalt anzeigen
• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Risk Management Practices of SMEs

  Research Methodology and Research Design

  Thomas Henschel

  …risk management. This thesis will specifically investigate the following research questions: Risk Management 1. What are the likely key factors… …financial statements, early- warning mechanisms 1a. What are the quantitative key factors that have influ- enced the risk management practices? Part 1… …business management faculty Germany 1 professor Ernst & Young LLP, Edinburgh business risk consulting UK 2 partner, manager Ernst & Young Deutsche… …, Düsseldorf management consultancy Germany 1 senior consultant Haarmann Hemmelrath Management Consultants GmbH, Munich management consultancy Germany 1… …. As mentioned in Chapter 1, in these industry sectors project-oriented activities dominate. The overall breakdown of German businesses according to the… …500,000 349,435 270,775 500,000 – 1 million 229,728 189,732 Micro (less than 2 million Euros) 1 – 2 million 139,597 2,766,120 119,197 1,963,638 2 – 5… …15.0% Medium (50 to 249 employees) 1,800 99.9% 237 75.5% Large (250 to 499 employees) 1 0.1% 14 4.5% Total 1,801 100.0% 314 100.0% �2 = 14,139,428.442… …factors that have influ- enced the risk management practices? Background (Questions 1 to 2): “Uncertainty in the external/ internal business environment”… …risk management incorporated into the com- pany’s organizational struc- ture? Part 1 (Questions 3 to 6): “Organization of risk management” To find out… …option is estimated to have particular meaning it will be given an increased value of 2 or more instead of the “normal” value 1. In this way the scoring…

  Alle Treffer im Inhalt anzeigen
• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Risk Management Practices of SMEs

  Questionnaire Results

  Thomas Henschel

  …Time Horizon (Q 1.7b) Total Rank Components Budgeted profit statement 147 47.0% 1 Cash budget 100 31.9% 2 Budgeted balance sheet 42 13.4% 4 Master… …budget 88 28.1% 3 Other planning 17 5.4% 6 No statement 35 11.2% 5 Total 313 100.0% Time horizon 1 year 64 23.2% 2 2 to 3 years 146 52.9% 1 4 years or more… …budget was found only in 28% of the surveyed SMEs. The time horizon of long-term business planning is rather short (1 to 2 years), being typical for SMEs… …4.3 presents the findings on early warning systems. Table 4.3 Early Warning System: Implementation (Q 1.9a) Total Rank Established 196 63.6% 1 Planned… …. Total Rk. Components Budgeted profit statement 7 31.8% 78 43.8% 51 60.0% 3 42.9% 8 38.1% 147 47.0% 1 Cash budget 8 36.4% 57 32.0% 26 30.6% 2 28.6% 7… …33.3% 100 31.9% 2 Budgeted balance sheet 0 0.0% 28 15.7% 10 11.8% 1 14.3% 3 14.3% 42 13.4% 4 Master budget 5 22.7% 55 30.9% 21 24.7% 1 14.3% 6 28.6% 88… …28.1% 3 Other planning 1 4.5% 9 5.1% 5 5.9% 1 14.3% 1 4.8% 17 5.4% 6 No statement 6 27.3% 16 9.0% 8 9.4% 2 28.6% 3 14.3% 35 11.2% 5 Total 22 100.0% 178… …100.0% 85 100.0% 7 100.0% 21 100.0% 313 100.0% Time horizon 1 year 8 47.1% 37 23.4% 14 17.9% 0 0.0% 5 27.8% 64 23.2% 2 2 to 3 years 6 35.3% 89 56.3% 43… …55.1% 2 40.0% 6 33.3% 146 52.9% 1 4 years or more 1 5.9% 31 19.6% 20 25.6% 3 60.0% 7 38.9% 62 22.5% 3 No statement 2 11.8% 1 0.6% 1 1.3% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 4… …about the same amount 1 year or 4 years and more. The time horizon of long-term planning is significantly dependent on size. A planning horizon of 4 and…

  Alle Treffer im Inhalt anzeigen
• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Risk Management Practices of SMEs

  Interview Results

  Thomas Henschel

  …projects 6 23.1% 20 to 100 projects 9 34.6% 100 and more projects 5 19.2% No statement 1 3.8% Total 26 100.0% Average project duration (I 1.13) 0 to 5… …literature (De, 2005, p. 149). Class #1 (0–4 years) contains start-up firms. Classes #2 (5–9 years) and #3 (10–19 years) cover growing firms, while class #4… …Relationship to bank/Basel II (I 2.1.4) Became better 1 2.6% Static 24 63.2% Became worse 13 34.2% Total 38 100.0% Internal environment (I 2.2) State of… …accountant 21 55.3% Tax advisor 13 34.2% Management consultant 1 2.6% No external support 3 7.9% Total 38 100.0% Firstly, the external business environment… …interval of 1 year is dominating. The interviews revealed that in micro and small firms the business planning is frequently carried out externally by a tax… …. Versus Owner-Manager/Other Manager (I 1.5) Manager Owner Other Total Rank Components Budgeted profit statement 18 75.0% 11 78.6% 29 76.3% 1 Cash budget… …100.0% Time horizon 1 year 13 54.2% 3 21.4% 16 42.1% 1 2 to 3 years 7 29.2% 5 35.7% 12 31.6% 2 4 years or more 3 12.5% 6 42.9% 9 23.7% 3 No statement 1… …4.2% 0 0.0% 1 2.6% 4 Total 24 100.0% 14 100.0% 38 100.0% * Multiple selection allowed Interview Results 156 Owner-managers clearly apply less than… …by an- nual turnover. An owner-manager on business planning: No. 1 (small firm, other sector, self-employed engineer with non-business back- ground)… …Forecasting methods 1 7.7% 4 66.7% 9 56.3% 3 100.0% 17 44.7% 2 What-if analysis 0 0.0% 2 33.3% 3 18.8% 2 66.7% 7 18.4% 3 Scenario analysis 3 23.1% 2 33.3% 11…

  Alle Treffer im Inhalt anzeigen
• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Risk Management Practices of SMEs

  Types of Risk Management Practices Derived from Questionnaire and Interview Scoring

  Thomas Henschel

  …Type Scoring Patterns Pattern 1 Low Low Low Low Low Pattern 2 Moderate Low Low Low Low Pattern 3 Low Low Moderate Low Low Pattern 4 Low Low Low Low… …assessment. Not able to determine the total risk posi- tion of the entire com- pany. Examples of Defender/Prospector Type Scoring Patterns Pattern 1 Moderate… …project risk consolidation. Examples of Analyser Type Scoring Patterns Pattern 1 High Low Moderate Low Low Pattern 2 High Moderate Moderate Low Low Pattern… …with frequency 1 have been neglected in assigning a type, leading to a type evaluation of 97.3% (general risk management) and 87.3% (project risk… …Risk manage- ment organi- zation Fre- quen- cy Percent- age Cumu- lative percent- age Rk. Reactor M L M L 55 25.1% 25.1% 1 Reactor M L L L 33 15.1%… …manage- ment Fre- quen- cy Percent- age Cumu- lative percent- age Rk. Defender/Prospector M L M L M 34 20.5% 20.5% 1 Reactor M L L L M 18 10.8% 31.3% 2… …manage- ment organi- zation Fre- quen- cy Percent- age Cumu- lative percent- age Rk. Reactor M L L L 9 23.7% 23.7% 1 Reactor L L L L 6 15.8% 39.5% 2… …2 5.3% 89.5% 7 Reactor L M L L 1 2.6% 92.1% 8 Defender/Prospector M L H L 1 2.6% 94.7% 8 Analyser H L H M 1 2.6% 97.4% 8 Analyser H H M M 1 2.6%… …manage- ment organi- zation Project risk manage- ment Fre- quen- cy Percent- age Cumu- lative percent- age Rk. Reactor L L L L L 4 15.4% 15.4% 1… …L L L 2 7.7% 57.7% 3 Analyser H L M M M 2 7.7% 65.4% 3 Analyser H M H L L 2 7.7% 73.1% 3 Defender/Prospector M L H L L 1 3.8% 76.9% 9…

  Alle Treffer im Inhalt anzeigen
• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Risk Management Practices of SMEs

  Practical Implications

  Thomas Henschel

  …: worst case, base 1. Number 2. Risk description 3. Risk type: financial, operational, organizational and management risks; external/internal and… …assessment 1. Number 2. Risk description 3. Risk type: financial operational, organizational and management risks; external/internal and…