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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Accounting Fraud

  Case 18: Qwest Communications International (2002)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …capacity as an investment. Doing so had the effect of inflating reve- nues, making it seem as if the communications markets were far more robust than they… …aries even further: instead of accounting for revenue from these deals over the life of the contracts, Qwest accounted for much of it upfront, producing… …of USD 1.9 billion in August 2002, a 98% decline for the period. In September 2002, the company announced that it would restate its financial… …Wall Street that it used any means necessary to meet its “outrageously optimistic revenue projec- tions”. “Qwest senior management created a… …employees inter- nally referred to such transactions as “one hit wonders”). When senior management realized that it could not meet the projected growth… …through increases in recurring revenue, it directed the sale of portions of Qwest’s fiber optic network originally held for own use. Thus, Qwest began… …fourth- largest long-distance telephone service provider, he had been ultimately swayed by greed. In 1999 and 2000, it had become apparent that the revenue…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Accounting Fraud

  Case 23: Computer Associates International (2004)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …corporations used its software products to run and manage their IT technology. At the time, Islandia, New York-based Computer Associates was the world’s… …began slowly (mainly because of the obstruction led by Computer Asso- ciates’ senior management), it steadily gained momentum in 2004. In January 2004… …participated in a scheme to inflate revenues and then lied to cover it up. He said senior management pressured him to lie, although he didn’t name names. In… …after the end of the quarter so that revenues could be counted a quarter earlier than it ought to have been. In all, the company prematurely reported… …, Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 150 when the company reported USD 557 million in revenues beyond the USD 1.047 billion it could properly claim. Thus… …kept scoring until it had all the points it needed to make every quarter look like a win.” Employees at Computer Associates also called the Extended… …million soft- ware license deal with a nearly insolvent customer. It then backdated the contract so it could be recorded in the prior quarter. In the next… …quarter, knowing that it would not be able to collect on the contract, Computer Associates reversed its internal records but did not publicly restate… …the first quarter of fiscal year 2001, it fell short of the Wall Street earnings estimate, and the share price dropped by more than 43% in a single day… …. This was only the second time in the company’s history that it missed Wall Street estimates. Until June 2000, Computer Associates also…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Risk Management Practices of SMEs

  Types of Risk Management Practices Derived from Questionnaire and Interview Scoring

  Thomas Henschel

  …(Section 6.1). It draws on the type terminology of Miles and Snow (1978, 2003), by relating a type with certain sets of scoring figures. After the… …. The Miles and Snow approach has inspired the author of the present thesis to make it applicable for the identification of types of risk management… …terns (Section 3.5). Similarity of scoring patterns is not defined in a mathe- matical way; it is due to a classification by the investigator, according… …prepared externally. No sophisti- cated perform- ance meas- urement tools. Identifies only very specific risks, which it is familiar with. Short-term risk… …strategy at all since the business sector is declining and no improvement is in sight. The companies are looking for new business opportunities. It would be… …adapt is by modifying the price. It is noticeable that banks put an increased pressure on reactors to improve their management systems. Business… …planning. All that they actually execute is a rudimentary annual sales plan. In preparing it, the data from the preceding year’s annual financial statement… …contingencies are defective. Where an contingency plan does exist, as a rule it only concerns the data proc- essing systems. Project Risk Management Reactors do… …, although it is carried out in a very informal manner. In general, a Types of Risk Management Practices 212 written documentation of the risks being… …. Also some consid- eration of strategic risks. Without con- sidering all risks, it can rush into costly failures. Risk assess- ment fre- quency and time…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Accounting Fraud

  Case 24: AIG (2005)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …“Hank” Greenberg was credited with vastly expanding the company, turning it into one of the world’s largest and most revered insurance firms. For decades… …AIG were three primary areas of fraud (see SEC 2009): – Sham reinsurance transactions with General Re Corp. (“Gen Re”), in order to make it appear… …that AIG had increased its general loss reserves, when in fact it had not – A deal with an offshore special purpose entity called Capco Reinsurance Co… …boosted AIG’s net investment income and allowed it to improperly recognize capital gains Accounting Fraud in U.S. Companies 156 The “Gen… …it appear that Gen Re was paying AIG to share some of its claim risk. But investigators found no evidence of risk transfer from Gen Re to AIG. In… …analysts. The move helped AIG to persuade analysts that it was in better shape to pay claims, and helped to increase its share price. Without the phony… …. The SEC complaint said that AIG even lent the investors the money, hiding the loan by channelling it through various AIG subsidiaries. Using Capco to… …transactions in which it – appeared to redeem a portion of its interest in certain hedge funds back to the funds, – recorded the resulting cash payments… …financial results.” According to Spitzer, CFO Howard Smith ordered so-called “top-level adjustments” to AIG’s financial statements each quarter, to help it… …, after Greenberg and Smith were forced out by the board, AIG announced that it would restate many of its prior transactions. In addition, AIG stated that…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch IT-Compliance

  Wesentliche Maßnahmen der IT-Compliance

  Dr. Michael Rath, Rainer Sponholz

  …, Center for Information Systems Research (CISR), Juni 2006334 In diesem Kapitel werden die wesentlichen Schutzmaßnahmenbereiche der IT- Compliance gemäß… …IT-Compliance-Anforderungen des UFC. 342 O.V.: „IT Impact Zones: How the information in the UCF is organized“; https://support… …gefordert werden. 354 Klotz, Michael: „Das Unified Compliance Framework (UCF) – Hilfestellung für die IT- Compliance“, IT-Governance 18, Juli 2014, S. 25… …. 353 „IT Impact Zones: How the information in the UCF is organized“; https://support… …Impact Zones stellen für die Ersteller des UCF dreizehn „natürliche“ Prozess- oder Kon- trollbereiche der IT dar. Die folgende Aufzählung listet die… …Sicherheit des IT- Betriebs und dessen Überwachung am Wichtigsten sind. Die nächsten wichtigen Bereiche umfassen Kontrollen der Entwicklung sowie der… …Informationsschutzes fallen alle Anforderungen und Maß- nahmen, die darauf abzielen, dass nur Personen Zugriff auf Informationen in IT- Systemen haben, die diese auch… …. Computerviren). Zu 4.Prozessstabilität und -sicherheit der IT-Prozesse Prozessstabilität und Prozesssicherheit in der Informationstechnologie sind der Schlüssel… …Hinblick auf IT-Sicherheit Der Mensch ist eine sehr große, wenn nicht gar die größte Bedrohung für ein IT- System. Neben dem reinen „Human Resources… …der Beitrag der Informationstechnologie zur Umset- zung von Geschäftsstrategien werden dem Bereich der IT-Governance und auch der IT-Compliance…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Accounting Fraud

  Case 34: Royal Ahold (The Netherlands, 2003)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …the most prominent and re- spected corporations in the Netherlands. For several years, it had been named the most desirable employer and the company… …and the French firm Carrefour S.A. had larger annual food retail sales than Ahold. In 2002, the com- pany’s reported sales were EUR 62.7 billion; it… …share quickly by purchasing existing grocery chains in foreign countries. In 2000, the company completed its most ambitious acquisition when it… …was forced to buy out Velox’s interest and absorb its liabilities. Ahold had failed to disclose that it had committed itself to purchase the residual… …ownership interest in the joint venture if Velox de- faulted on its outstanding debts. Now Ahold had to announce that it was taking over USD 492 million in… …subsidiary. In early 2003, Ahold surprised investors when it announced that U.S. Foodservice had overstated earnings by at least USD 500 million in 2001 and… …by USD 880 million over three years, and that it would have to take pre-tax charges of nearly USD 1 billion on group level. The size of the new… …figures shocked Ahold’s new management as much as it did analysts and investors. The company immediately authorized an investigation by law firm White &… …investigations, it was ultimately found that there were two principal sources of material misrepresentations in Ahold’s consolidated financial statements: (1)… …at USF centred around the way it accounted for “promotional allowances”. USF typically purchased products from a variety of suppliers at full price…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Accounting Fraud

  Case 27: Flowtex (Germany, 2000)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …precedent,” said judge Michael Meyer. He expressed his incredulity that the scam could have lasted for nearly ten years without being noticed. “It is amazing… …debts that needed to be covered.” Flowtex, based in Ettlingen near Karlsruhe in southern Germany, marketed horizon- tal drilling equipment. It… …each machine was fitted with the correct plates and documentation. It did not appear to strike KPMG as strange that machines they had chosen at… …bond to its customers as being “an attractive investment opportunity”. It would have been the first bond issue from a privately owned German… …their losses, which they refused to quantify. Why due diligence failed to expose the apparent Flowtex scam is still unclear. It is noteworthy that… …Flowtex case, said the complex structure of the Schmider-Kleiser group had “certainly played a role” in the deception. However, it emerged that KPMG… …pretend business. In 2002, the well-known auditing firm paid creditors of the bankrupt drilling equipment maker EUR 50 million. KPMG said that it made the… …against the state of Baden-Wuerttemberg after claiming that it failed to act in time against Schmider and Kleiser. The plaintiffs claimed that the tax… …records are examined before it issues securities. It is a textbook example of what can go wrong when banks and auditors place too much reliance on the…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Operational Auditing

  Voraussetzungen für Operational Auditing (OA)

  Prof. Dr. Volker H. Peemöller, Joachim Kregel

  …IT (Informations- Technologie)-Bereich. Zum notwendigen Wissen, um erfolgreich OA-Prüfungen durchführen zu kön- nen, bleiben die IIA-Standards und… …essenziell zu den Geschäftsprozes- sen gehören. Schwerpunkte in den Projekten werden die IT, der Baubereich und, etwas grober skizziert, Mergers und… …____________ 9 Monolith, wörtlich: Ein Stein (griechisch), meint hier ein komplexes, über viele Jahre gewachsenes IT- System, das änderungsunfreundlich ist und… …stellt sich manchmal dann ein – meist ungewollt –, wenn die IR kompetente Fachleute aus der Linie für Spezialthemen wie Technik, IT, Bau oder Marketing… …dem Make or Buy bei Suppportprozessen, also der Querschnittsfunktion IT und Bau bzw. dem Gebäudemanagement haben großen Einfluss auf die Art und die… …Kosten der Wertschöpfung. Ist die IT und die Logistik zentraler Bestandteil des Geschäftsmodells wie bei den meis- ten Versandhandelsfirmen, so kann… …begründet werden. Ebenso bildet ein innovatives Bonitätsklassensystem (IT) zusammen mit dem Raten- geschäft quasi das Rückgrat für eine Lieferung auch an… …. Weichen z. B. die Zufriedenheitsquoten in kritischen Bereichen wie dem Vertrieb, der Entwicklung, der IT oder dem Kundenservice signifikant nach unten ab… …bewußter Einkauf Schnelle, zuverlässige IT ModernesControlling Eigen- creation Leistungs- fähiger Lieferant Beste Bonitäts- systeme KundenBindung (auch… …der IT etwas detaillierter (Knowledge). Dieses Wissen ist zu unterscheiden vom Expertenwissen, dass für Revisoren, die im Finanz- und Rechnungswesen…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch IT-Compliance

  IT-Compliance unter Einsatz der ISO 27000- Normenfamilie

  Dr. Michael Rath, Rainer Sponholz

  …ihre Verwendung sowie Nützlichkeit im Umfeld der IT- Compliance beschrieben. Die neusten Versionen der Standards ISO/IEC 27001 und 27002 stellen ein… …englischsprachigen ISO/IEC 27001:2013 ohne Corrigendum, März 2017; Corrigendum, Januar 2016): „Diese Norm DIN EN ISO/IEC 27001:2017-06 Informationstechnik –… …Datenschutzan- forderungen auch die Anforderungen aus dem IT-Sicherheitsgesetz sowie rech- nungswesenrelevante Anforderungen, würde damit der erste Punkt der (IT… …Article NotesISOGDPR Outline/summary 27001 Control Special restrictions apply to particularly A.8.2.19 See7above. It is important to identify sensitive… …Zuordnungstabelle/Zuordnung ISO/IEC27001 sowie ISO/IEC27002 zum mo- dernisierten IT-Grundschutz des deutschen Bundesamts für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik (BSI).143 –… …mulierungen wenig konkret dargestellt und quasi „weichgespült“ wor- den.155 Insgesamt konntenwir mit der Mappingmethode sehr gute Ergebnisse in der IT…

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• eBook-Kapitel aus dem Buch Accounting Fraud

  Case 38: Daewoo Group (South Korea, 1999)

  Prof. Dr. Klaus Henselmann, Dr. Stefan Hofmann

  …biggest accounting frauds in history. It predated Enron, WorldCom, Tyco, Parmalat and the other corporate scandals that more recently devastated… …. It produced autos, ships, televisions, pianos, refrigerators, aerospace components, and practically everything else – except significant profits… …weight of more than USD 80 billion in debts; it had been unable to meet its skyrocketing interest payments. Daewoo had become a huge financial black hole… …“rags-to-riches” founder of Daewoo Group ended in a big corporate fraud scandal. Although the government prosecutor’s office released only scant details, it… …group’s flagship company) was unable to keep the plant running, and the Ukrainian government complained. To placate it, Daewoo surreptitiously shipped… …organization. Located in Lon- don, it acted as the nerve center for the group’s financial machinations overseas. Only five key persons, who proceeded under the… …utmost secrecy, oversaw its busi- ness. The BFC never appeared on Daewoo’s balance sheets. Prosecutors portrayed it as Kim’s slush fund, but could not put… …from car-export revenues. Prosecutors could not say how the money was spent, but industry experts and analysts thought at least part of it was… …destination of the money (allegedly up to USD 20 billion) remained unclear. But it is very likely that it was siphoned off for political lobbying purposes and… …manner in which it was conducted and the way in which it lasted undetected until the end. An economic adviser to President Kim Dae Jung said much of what…

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